Sampling

Summary

Builds out the population hierarchy of target, source, and study sample, anchored by Canadian instruments including the Census, the Canadian Community Health Survey, the Canadian Health Measures Survey, and the National Population Health Survey, plus sampling-frame sources like the Address Register, Labour Force Survey area frame, MSP registries, and the Canadian Cancer Registry. Develops probability theory through Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Normal, Exponential, and Log-normal distributions, the Central Limit Theorem and its consequences for standard errors, plus Type I and Type II errors and statistical power. Covers six probability sampling designs, contrasts them with judgment, convenience, and purposive non-probability alternatives, and works through complex survey analysis and sample-size calculation.